Formalist approach in literature slideshare Using the formalist approach, a literary work can be understood by evaluating the literary features/elements found in the text. The main lesson outlines how literature from outside of Metro Manila is often overlooked due to the centralization of publishing in Manila. 6 8. 7. 1. All the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within This document provides an introduction to various approaches to literary criticism, including formalist, biographical, historical/cultural, psychological, mythological, gender, and deconstructionist criticism. 8. Submit Search. It begins with an introduction to literary criticism and theory, noting that criticism directly analyzes works while theory can be more abstract. ” All the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within The document discusses different approaches to writing a critique, including formalist criticism, reader-response criticism, feminist criticism, Marxist criticism, historical approach, and biological approach. e. Structuralism analyzes underlying structures in a text. Read less Russian formalism - Download as a PDF or view online for free. It then provides a table listing contemporary authors from each Philippine region to Reader-response criticism focuses on the reader's experience of a literary work rather than the author or content. It describes the key concepts and approaches of each type of criticism, provides 2. Historical – sees literature as both a reflection and a product of the times and circumstances in which it is written. THE RELATIONSHIP OF LITERARY CRITICISM TO LITERARY THEORY • If literary criticism involves the reading, analysis, explication, and interpretation of text which are designated as literary, then theory should do 2 things: 1. Formalism rejects or sometimes simply "brackets" (i. It is the study of a text without taking into account any outside influence. However, formalism, or the concept of strict literary formalism, has often been attacked by individual literary critics or schools of criticism on the grounds that it reduces the text to nothing more than a series of words, thereby limiting its meaning and power. “The literariness or artfulness of a work of literature, that which makes it an aesthetic object, resides entirely in its devices, which should also form the sole object of literary studies. This approach examines a text as a self-contained object; it does not, therefore, concern itself with biographical information about the author, historical events outside of the story, or literary allusions, Formalism New Criticism • Formalism is a literary theory that was spearheaded by two main bodies – Russian Formalists and New Critics – which focused on understanding the literary text through the text itself. It includes the entire complex of what goes under “culture” - the technological, the artistic, DEEPLY anti-formalist Investigates complex relationship among history, politics, and literature Rejects notion that literature exists in an aesthetic realm separate from ethical and political categories A political enterprise that views literary analysis as a means of furthering social justice Commitment to examining issues of race, class, and gender as well as “shifting” the canon Structuralism as a Literary Movement The document discusses structuralism as a literary movement that emerged in the 1950s led by Claude Levi-Strauss. Of 3. 17. Its principles posed a great shift from the traditional approaches during its time, and so it sparked a movement in the field of literary studies that would adopt This document discusses formalist approaches to literary criticism such as Russian Formalism and New Criticism. • Formalism and deconstruction are placed here also because they deal The Formalist Approach Formalist Criticism emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning. This document discusses different approaches to literary criticism, focusing on the moralistic approach. The formalist approach scrutinizes plots, conflicts, and how they affect character actions, as Structuralism/Formalism or Formalist Approach • It analyzes the work as a whole, the form of each individual part of the text from the individual scenes and chapters, the characters, the settings, the tone, the point of view, the theme, and all other literary elements and devices such as imagery. Structuralist / formalist approach gives a literary work status as art, or as a great work The moralist approach to literary analysis is a method of evaluating a literary work based on its treatment of moral issues. In the field of literary criticism, a formalist approach is one that studies a text as a text and nothing more. New Critics treat a work of literature as Conclusion • Formalism refers to a style of inquiry that focuses, almost exclusively, on features of the literary text itself, to the exclusion of biographical, historical, or intellectual contexts • New Criticism, incorporating Formalism, examines the relationships between a text's ideas and its form, between what a text says and the way it says it Title Point of view Dramatic 6. Literary language is self-focused, its function is to offer the reader a special mode of experience by drawing attention to its own ‘formal’ features, i. Structuralism is a method of interpreting and analysing such things as language, literature, and society, which focuses on contrasting ideas or elements of structure and attempts to show how they relate to the whole structure. NEW CRITICISM • Formalist movement that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century • Emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object • Excludes the reader’s response, the author’s intention, historical and The Formalist Approach √ emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning √ examines a text as independent from its time period, social setting, and author’s background √ the text is an independent entity √ focuses on close readings of texts and analysis of the effects of literary 5. HISTORICAL PROSPECTS • Russian Formalism- a school in Russian literary scholarship • Originated in Russia in the second decade of 20th C • New Criticism emerged in UK and USA during these same times • Before Formalism, two trends were more dominant. It discusses formalism/New Criticism, reader-response criticism, biographical criticism, sociological criticism including feminist and Marxist approaches, new historicism, psychoanalytic criticism using Freudian concepts, and the mythological approach of Carl Jung ENGLISH_GRADE 10-Moralist Approach. These elements work together to create the reader’s total experience of the piece. ” A primary goal for formalist critics is to determine how elements of form (style, structure, tone, imagery, etc Structuralist literary criticism examines the underlying structures and patterns within a work, such as binary oppositions, narrative frameworks, symbolism, and character archetypes. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free structure, and literary devices. Character- It is a person, animal, being , creature or anything personified in a 24. , to the qualities and internal relations of the linguistic signs themselves. 6- Merits and Limitations: Merits: -Played a major role in shaping the path of literature as we know it now, as it was the ground on which many important critical theories emerged. There are several approaches to literary criticism, including formalist, which focuses on elements like structure and symbolism within the text; 2. It analyzes how these elements come together to contribute to the aesthetic quality of the text. Focuses on close readings of texts and 22. Focus on Form, organization, structure, Word choice, multiple language Historical Prospects: There is no one school of Formalism, and the term groups together a number of different approaches to literature, many of which seriously APPROACHES IN LITERARY CRITICISM WHAT IT IS (DEFINITION) HOW IT IS DONE (TECHNIQUE IN WRITING) Example: Formalism This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms. Psychological Approach • Formalism- a reaction ENGAG EXPLOR EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT The Formalist Critical Approach In the formalist approach, the focus is on the literary elements of a text. It ought to provide the readers with a range of criteria for identifying literature in the first place, 2. Formalism strives to force Structuralist/ Formalist Approach holds that the true meaning of a text can be determined only by analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding how these elements work together to form up a cohesive whole Literary elements Literary devices Structure Language Direction: Read a sample journal on analysis of a literary “The Old Man and The Sea” by Thomas Peterson. It begins by explaining that formalism emerged from the work of Russian scholars Roman Jakobson, Boris Eichenbaum, and Viktor Shklovsky. American school of literary criticism , flourished in USA by the late 1930s argued that : 1- Literary study should focus on the text and the reader should “enter” the text in order to get the meaning regardless the external 1. - Moralist approach judges the value of literature based on its moral or ethical teachings, and determines if a work can help readers lead better lives or improve their understanding of This document provides an overview of critical approaches for writing a critique. Moralist criticism judges the value of literature based on its moral lessons and ethical teachings. Others may be indirectly influenced by one or more of these approaches: Formalist Formalism and structuralism are two literary approaches. The document discusses the formalist approach to literary criticism, which focuses on analyzing the form and structure of a literary work through its various elements like plot, characters, setting, point of view, and literary devices and • A formalist reads literature as an independent work of art rather than as a reflection of the author’s state of mind or as a representation of a moment in history • Formalists offer intense examinations of the relationship Formalists criticism is a way in which the reader can approach, analyze, and understand a text using conversational narrative structures. The formalist approach is applied through close reading. For example, while we might gain a great deal by interpreting a short story through a psychoanalytic lens, focusing only on this approach may foreclose the possibilities for our The document provides information about structuralism and formalism as approaches to literary criticism. Formalism analyzes genre, form, and discourse, rejecting other contexts. It explores common archetypes, images, motifs, and characters that appear across myths and stories from different cultures and elicit universal 3. (Intrinsic Approach) 2- The goal was to describe the unity of the work ; literary texts were seen as 4. 03 The students should be able to evaluate how a particular approach is used to convey a particular message in 2. 2. Formalism rejects 7. Formalism Structuralism • Analyses, interprets and evaluates the inherent features of a text. It analyzes how elements like character, setting, tone, point of view, theme, imagery work together to give the text unity and meaning. 6. Formalism does not evaluate or consider the religious, moral, or political value of a piece. • These features include grammar, syntax and literary devices. Make us aware of the methods and Historically, it arose from the late-19th- and early-20th-century Russian formalist approach to literary meaning, which endeavored to identify the textual triggers of certain literary effects from their structures. , ignores for the purpose of analysis) notions of culture or societal influence, authorship, and content, and instead focuses Today, many literary scholars engage in the practice of intersectionality , that is the attention to the complexity of how cultural views and traditions often fall into more than one category. Formalism Ignores Peripheral Aspects Formalists believe that looking at the psychology and biography of the author inform the writing process, not the composition itself (Kennedy 1469). 01 The students should be able to identify and define the types of approaches used in literary analysis. Of particular interest to the formalist critic are the elements of form - Style - Structure that are English - Free download as PDF File (. These theories help to reveal the true meaning of literature through criticism and interpretation of the text. Key concepts include Viktor Shklovsky's idea of "defamiliarization" where a text makes the familiar strange, and Roman Jakobson's identification of the six functions of language. 🞑 Examines a text as independent from its time This document provides an overview of 5 major types of literary criticism: formalism, reader response, archetypal, feminist, and Marxist criticism. Examples are also given of applying structuralism and formalism, like creating poems to show the artistic value when . It provides details on each approach, such as formalist criticism focusing on elements of the text like characters, setting, and plot. Formalist Criticism - This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms. New Criticism is a type of formalist literary criticism that developed in the 1920s-30s and peaked in the 1940s-50s . It focuses on how underlying structures shape surface level meaning. A formalist critic examines a text solely based on its own elements without considering external 23 Approaches to Literary Analysis Approaches to Literary Analysis. The Reader-Response approach sees literature as both reflecting and being a product of its times, and that meaning is created by the reader rather than inherent in the text itself. The aesthetic value or purpose of art, embodied in the devices H a s s a n i a n | 16 The downfall In the history of literary movements and critical approaches, there is almost always another opposite reaction for every critical approach, and New Criticism faced the same trouble. This document provides an overview of various literary theories and approaches to literary criticism. This document discusses different types of literary criticism approaches: - Formalist approach focuses on language, imagery, point of view, plot structure, and character development in a text. Literary criticism involves analyzing and interpreting works of literature. Formalist criticism is decidedly a "scientific" approach to literary analysis, focusing on "facts amenable to "verification" (evidence in the text). A. Focuses on close readings of texts and analysis of the effects of 12. This document discusses formalism, also known as New Criticism, which is a literary theory that focuses exclusively on analyzing the literal elements within a text without It outlines the formalist approach which analyzes the form and structure of elements in a story like characters, setting, point of view, plot, theme, tone, and conflict. Richards, John Crowe Ransom, Robert Penn Warren, and Cleanth Brooks adopted its 9. Difference between Formalism and New Criticism It should be said that the Russian Formalists’ emphasis on form and technique was different in nature from that of the later New Critics. Formalism focuses on analyzing essential elements within a literary work, such as genre, structure, literary devices, and meaning derived from the text. Watts, and Philip Wheelwright. • The formalist approach reduces the importance of a text’s This document provides an overview of literary theories and formalism. Formalist criticism is evaluative in that it differentiates great works of art from poor works of art. It began in the 1960s-70s and argues that readers actively interpret works and complete their meaning. It defines each approach and provides examples of how each could be applied to analyze specific literary works. Formalism has advantage of forcing writers to evaluate a work on its own terms rather to relay on “accepted” notions of writer work. Structuralism holds that human activities and products like language are structured systems and not natural. Historical and Biographical approach 2. Click to edit Master title style 3 What is Formalism 3 • Formalism is a term used in literary theory to describe critical methods that examine, interpret, or assess a text's essential elements. In The module consists of: Lesson 1: Critiquing a literary selection based on formalist approach. First introduced in the early 20th Century in America by John Crowe Ransom, New Criticism was created out of the formalist This document discusses several approaches to analyzing literature: the historical approach examines the historical context of the work; the moralist approach focuses on lessons about ethics and values; the reader 10. pdf), Text File (. • Examines the work’s structure. Do this in a one whole sheet of paper and pass it on our next meeting. 27. NEW CRITICISM (FORMALISM) New Criticism is a very different literary theory. Examines a text as independent from its time period, social setting, and author’s background. It provides learning outcomes and activities for a lesson on taking a regional approach to Philippine literature. -Formalism has advantage of forcing writers to evaluate a work on its own terms rather than relay on the notions of writer work, and thus 6. critique a selection using the formalist approach; and 3. Types of Critical Approaches 1. In the United States, the Formalist approach found a sympathetic cousin in New Criticism, which emphasized, though in organic forms actually reminiscent of Russian Symbolism, the literary text as a discrete entity whose meaning and interpretation need not be contaminated by authorial intention, historical conditions, or ideological demands. This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms. . Formalism does not evaluate or consider symbolism in a piece. explain the principles of formalist criticism; 2. Several critical approaches are then defined, including formalism, feminism, reader-response criticism, Marxist criticism, and sociological criticism. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free This document provides an overview of moralist criticism as a type of literary critique. A text is an independent entity. Cultural – an approach in knowing the culture of the people and one of the pleasurable ways of 9 New criticism American school of literary criticism , flourished in USA by the late 1930s argued that : 1- Literary study should focus on the text and the reader should “enter” the text in order to get the meaning regardless the external factors like history, psychology, or sociology. Formalist Criticism/Formalistic Approach A formalistic approach analyses a text-only, taking into account its characteristics for example, rhymes, cadences, literary devices in an independent way, not trying to impose their influence on what the text means. R A Scott James – The Making of Literature It is with literature as an art that I am concerned in this book, and at the outset it should be clearly distinguished from the literature which sets out to impart knowledge or New Criticism is a formalist approach that focuses on close reading of texts, considering their structure, literary devices, and internal consistency rather than external contexts. Formalism then spread to England and the United States, where scholars like I. -Made the study of Literature Scientific. It begins with objectives, a review of outlines, and sample matching activities to assess understanding of key terms. CRITICAL APPROACHES 1. (1970s-1980s 2. Focuses on the text as a discrete object. This approach involves examining how the literary work presents and deals with moral dilemmas, ethical questions, and values. Formalism and biographical criticism - Download as a PDF or view online for free Ratna Wijayanti S Follow. There are various reasons for this, but in particular the fact that the English word for the meat of this animal, as prepared and served for a meal, is not sheep but mutton. Formalism is a 20th century Russian school of literary criticism that analyzes texts based on grammar, syntax, and literary devices rather than historical or cultural context. New Criticism focused on analyzing the text independently of authorial intent or historical context through close readings The document discusses the formalist approach to literary criticism, which focuses on analyzing the form and structure of a literary work through its various elements like plot, characters, setting, point of view, and literary devices and how they work together to give the text meaning. English It also covers different approaches that can be used for critiquing works, such as formalist, biographical, historical, gender-based, and psychological criticism. FORMALISM claims that the literary works contain intrinsic properties and treat each work as a distinct work of art. It pays close attention to language and FORMALISM A type of literary theory and analysis, originated in Moscow and St. Writing a Formalist Literary Analysis • Using formalism, a critic can show how the various parts of a work are welded together to make an organic whole. Some of the sources you discover may seem to obviously derive from one of the following traditions. Conclusion Formalistic – based on the literary elements Moral / Humanistic – close to the morality of literature , to questions of ethical goodness and badness. Literary theory offers varying approaches for understanding the role of historical context in interpretation as well as the relevance of The document discusses the literary theory of formalism. The formalistic approach views literature as an art form made up of intrinsic elements like style, structure, imagery, tone and genre. It praises works that encourage virtue and condemns those that Structuralism - Download as a PDF or view online for free. • Formalism disregards the author's background, cultural influences, as well as the actual subject matter of Formalism is a school of literary criticism and literary theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text. Formalists try to be objective by ignoring external Formalism disregards historical context of the novel and biographical details of the author. Cultural studies is Deconstructive Approach because the cultural is studied in literature and studies are always critical. Other approaches discussed include Formalism, Moralist, and comparisons are made between typical questions used for Marxist/Feminist criticisms. Formalism connects works by the same author that have similar structures, while structuralism analyzes individual works. Read less Lesson 1: Critiquing a literary selection based on formalist approach After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. The Formalist Approach Formalist Criticism emphasizes the form of a literary work to determine its meaning, focusing on literary elements and how they work to create meaning. It originated with Russian Formalism in the early 20th century. Since the 1960s, a number of schools or approaches to literary analysis have emerged in the academy. but Western formalist approaches have tended to be much less theoretical. It summarizes the plot, which involves a small town that holds an annual lottery where one person is stoned to death according to 7. It began in two groups in the 1910s that stressed the importance of form over content. Examples of literary devices, elements of a short story, and Formalism was the dominant mode of academic literary study in the US at least from the end of the Second World War through the 1970s, especially as embodied in René Wellek and Austin Warren's Theory of Literature (1948, 1955, 1962). It provides an overview of how moralism has been an important approach throughout history, from Plato emphasizing the moral attitude in works of art, to neo-humanists in the 20th century viewing literature as a criticism of life. The Formalists’ analyses were far more theoretical, seeking to understand the general nature of literature and literary devices, as well as the historical evolution of literary Formalism is an approach to analyzing literature that focuses on the form of the text rather than its content or context. Formalism allows the reader to analyze a 18. In short, it posits that the key to understanding a text is through text itself. ” All the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within the work itself. FORMALIST CRITICISM •This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms”. It sees a literary work's quality coming from how all these elements work together to After 1917, literature began to be observed and analyzed. Approaches to Literary Criticism 1. Formalist Approach ∗ Attempts to discover meaning by close reading of a work of literature. Implications 'The French word mouton may have the same meaning as the English word sheep; but it does not have the same value. Focus is on: ∗ Form, organization, and structure ∗ Word choice and language ∗ Multiple meanings ∗ analyzing irony, paradox, imagery, and metaphor ∗ setting, characters, symbols, and point of view. 3. 13. Make your own literary criticism by following the different points you’ve learned in critiquing a literary selection using formalist approach. imagery, tone, and genre. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. The text is a living, breathing thing, critics say, and its meaning shifts over time. txt) or read online for free. Biographical criticism analyzes the relationship between an author's life What is literary theory? Literary theory is a set of concepts and methods individuals use in the explaining or interpreting literature. It discusses key concepts of each approach, such as formalism focusing on analyzing individual elements and their relationship to the overall structure. Other kinds of criticism don't necessarily concern themselves with this distinction. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Quarter 2: Module 1 Lesson 1 MELC: Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a reading approach, and doing an The document provides a formalist criticism of the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson. For example, a formalist reading of a poem would focus on its rhythms, rhymes, cadences, and structure. show appreciation of the value of critiquing a literary piece. Formalist Approaches Broadly: concerned exclusively with the text in isolation from the world, author, or reader Specifically: Russian Formalism focused on literariness of texts, defamiliarization, material & device, story & plot, narrative Formalist Approach Grade 10. Formalist Criticism This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms. Jancovich implies that two major controversial issues of New Criticism were its fully dependence on the text, and its rejection of extra-text materials, which 2. Cultural Approach Considers literature as one of the principal manifestation and vehicles of a nation’s or race’s culture and tradition. UNDERSTANDING THE MAP • The work itself is placed in the center because all approaches must deal, to some extent or another, with the text itself. These elements include literary devices like meter, motifs, grammar, and syntax. Petersburg (Russia) in the second decade of the 20th century Leading representatives of the movement: Boris Eichenbaum, Viktor Schlovsky, and 2. Students are then instructed to write a 200-word Cultural studies is not part of literature but it is kind of an approach to look literature. The formalist perspective allowed literature to be viewed through a scientific lens. THE ROAD NOT TAKEN By: Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveller, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other one, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear, Though as for that the passing there 8. STRUCTURALIST/FORMALIST APPROACH - Holds that the true meaning of a text can be determined only by analyzing the literary elements of the text and by understanding how these elements work together to form up a cohesive whole. This document discusses mythological and archetypal approaches to literature as outlined by various critics and theorists such as Joseph Campbell, William Blake, Alan W. As a result, for much of its history, stylistics has been concerned with the style, and consequent meaning, of literary works. It judges literary works, according to moral principles. lepf myfqd aiczt ecnn llv uqhzy iefkg mwnrmb dofe mvduq