Failed to load rescue target freezing centos 7. Using the Emergency and Rescue Targets.
Failed to load rescue target freezing centos 7.
Tried updating CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux using migrate2rocky.
Failed to load rescue target freezing centos 7 Thanks! Centos Service Cannot Start: Failed to start Login Service Failed to start Install ABRT coredump hook 20190603 – CentOS 7 prompt failed to load SELinux policy. target’. If I edit the configuration in the grub menu to temporarily be selinux=0, I can get past the loading bar, but I get a black screen afterwards (which also gives me a mouse cursor, strangely enough). But it looks like your start. If the cause for the failure is that the “prefix” is incorrect, it refers to an incorrect device or the In this guide, you will learn to diagnose issues and recover the system from emergency mode. 5 wouldn't login and bounce/redirect back to login GUI/screen. On the next screen choose Rescue a CentOS system option and press [enter] key to move further. target or even pass: init=/bin/sh I came across the same issue while downloading some packages in centos 7. Start your RHEL / CentOS 7/8 LInux machine. Issue: I performed a leapp upgrade on CentOS 7 to AlmaLinux 8. If this happens server filesystem goes into read-only mode. I tried re-installating Rocky Centos 8. 3 Git commit: 20f81dd Built: Thu Mar 10 15:39:25 2016 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 1. x kernel. Try: systemd. target which is "single user mode" on RHEL/CentOS 7. No translations currently exist. If it is not reached, services such as httpd, nfs, and ldap cannot be started. hka Posts: 8 Joined: Sun May 07, 2017 12:55 pm. We’ve also tried removing the line (and purging the cache and tmp directories) however that didn’t solve the issue either. Tried updating CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux using migrate2rocky. Everything seemed fine, hit reboot. Chrome console reports Failed to load resource: net::ERR_BLOCKED_BY_CLIENT one of the solutions; The solution of “failed to load il2cpp” in Android package launched by unity; Centos Failed to Modify the port of SSH: error: Bind to port 27615 on 0. This example demonstrates how to use the rescue. Any ideas? pyxlwuff February 14, 2024, 4:17pm 2. If necessary (it probably won't be), manually mount the main system's root partition somewhere (e. ” and type “e” button to edit. In a hour or two i will try to put the logs. System fails to boot with message "Default target masked" Solution Verified - Updated 2024-08-29T10:40:42+00:00 - English . The Your service has no Type= specified in the [Service] section, so systemd assumes you meant Type=simple. x. I have prepared a usb with ubuntu 20. Applies to: Linux OS - Version Oracle Linux 5. # disabled - no selinux policy is loaded. Freezing ' (Doc ID 2314747. Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing; Search or jump to Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests Search Clear. The newer system ships with UEFI firmware and here is the way to identify BIOS vs UEFI on Linux servers. target which is "single user mode". target (sulogin prompt, basic system initialization) emergency. 04 results in a successful installation. We may see one of the “grub>” modes on the screen when a boot fails. I've had a similar problem. 0. I have installed Rocky Centos 8. Nothing special Get a virtual cloud desktop with the Linux distro that you want in less than five minutes with Shells! With over 10 pre-installed distros to choose from, the worry-free installation life is here! Whether you are a digital nomad or just looking for flexibility, Shells can put your Linux machine on the device that you want to use. I might just have to reinstall. Now met an issue: System hang after output "Reached target Basic System. In order to boot the machine, I stopped GRUB and edited the Ubuntu boot entry (press e) and removed SELinux temporarily from the boot arguments, just as explained by @poige in his answer. And if that is the case I need to plan ahead better and figure out some redundancies. el9. 1. Since AppArmor and SELinux conflict, I suggest this procedure to disable apparmor and install more SELinux packages: Do you also try to run systemd in a container? Don’t! PHP 8. You use the arrow keys a kernel line like “Centos Linux 7 (Core) with Linux. service failed and fires the OnFailure command (emergency. Fresh install of CentOS 7. mount` for details. 892990] systemd[1]: No /sbin/init, trying fallback [ 1. This same procedure works on other RHEL clones such as CentOS 8, Rocky Linux 8 and AlmaLinux 8. I have When facing this issue that derailed proper autossh functionality on my roaming laptop, I decided to rip apart whatever of my MageiaOS code to understand the root cause. But for systems using UEFI, vfat is a necessary filesystem type: the EFI System Partition (ESP) that contains the bootloader *. I go off to perform another task, and when I come back to check on it I cannot log in. When booting the system, it randomly fails while switching root, as seen below [ OK ] Reached target Switch Root. unit=multi-user. 9 / CentOS 7. Freezing causes stuck solution; I’m trying to migrate a couple of my CentOS 7 systems to AlmaLinux 9 and am facing issues after migrating from CentOS 7 to AlmaLinux 8, ref: AlmaLinux Migration Guide. Interrupt the grub2 menu by pressing "e" to edit when prompted with the grub menu. graphical. I have included the journalctl output for reference. target (sulogin prompt, initramfs pivot complete and system root mounted on / as read only) After applying security updates or upgrading to RHEL 8. Rescue CentOS 7 System Rescue CentOS Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. 22 Go version: go1. The kernel is loaded and starts to boot and then hangs with the message: Code: [ OK ] Reached target Basic System. 04. I connected to the VPS via a temporary rescue linux machine from where I could mount the VPS filesystem: microcode_ctl: kernel version "3. localhost systemd[1]: Starting Open-iSCSI [ 16. 54) Hi, I have looked everywhere on the net. It blocks and logs actions that are against defined policy. Failed to load selinux policy, Freezing. When your server opens kernel list will appear on your screen. 1) Last updated on OCTOBER 20, 2022. Thank you, have a wonderful day, and may God bless you. Mar 28 00:14:21 pmv systemd[1]: Trying to load rescue target Mar 28 00:14:21 pmv systemd[1]: Starting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point. It provides the first sign of what might be causing the trouble to boot. target unit, which is an alias (set with systemctl set-default) for some other concrete target such as graphical. Then I followed some tutorials for CentOS-7) In my CentOS 7. Re: Raspberry Pi 3 Boots Into Rescue Mode. Could not open '/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1611. [ OK ] Reached target Switch Root. [Solved] Linux No access to the system error: Failed to load SELinux policy. Search syntax tips. After selecting ELevate-Upgrade-Initramfs in the GRUB menu, the upgrade completes, and the system reboots System cannot boot: Failed to load SELinux policy, freezing Solution Verified - Updated 2024-06-14T15:17:35+00:00 - English I have CentOS 7 installed. Starting Switch Root [ 1. 3. 5. 10. So available _before_ they are used. When booting, it shows the info: Failed to start Crash recovery kernel arming. Freezing execution and completely stops. Freezing causes stuck solution I'm trying to upgrade RHEL8 host into RHEL9 by following Upgrading from RHEL 8 to RHEL 9. I have tried the following commands without success: sudo umount /dev/sdb1 and sudo fsck -p /dev/sdb1. Latest response 2021-03-02T16:06:10+00:00. 1. sales@hostingultraso. For not (re-)mounting filesystems and a read-only / mount, you should look to emergency mode, which is not the same as rescue mode. 5 x86_64 DVD ISO on an HP DL 585 G7 server with 4 AMD Opteron 6174 processors. target and prevent systemd reaches bash. 279076] i8042: No controller found [ [32m OK [0m] Started Show Since today, I cannot boot into my Linux CentOS 7. I load up the console and it’s stuck at loading CentOS. Both of these shells require I have updated the kernel in a VPS Centos 7, and after rebooting, the machine is not responding anymore, including with SSH. I select "Remove" after executing `sudo . Failed to load SELinux Policy it is found especially on the versions CentOS 6, CentOS 7, RHEL 7. I am directly taken to emergency mode. Both emergency and rescue modes On the troubleshooting screen, use the down arrow key to highlight Rescue a CentOS system. g. In the rare cases that a RHEL or CentOS 7 system is prevented from booting by (for instance) an improper shutdown, or a forced fsck-check failure on boot, the console will prompt the user for a root password. target or multi-user. A failure to isolate the first unit (from which everything else flows) is a fairly drastic error, and when that happens systemd emits a message and freezes. I was stuck on booting and could not enter the system. Code: Select all and that even failed. After a failed yum upgrade (darn low memory) I noticed my CentOS NTP server was not booting anymore. /install` but the problem still exists even when Normal mode isolates the default. target (GUI interface) multi-user. In this guide, we have explained how to boot Red Hat (RHEL) 8 system in rescue mode in two different ways. stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS_7_ppc64le:/ for CentOS and inst. sh only runs one command and then exits. The reason for this is that, as explained in the Linux OS Considerations and Limitations section, Select CentOS 7 Troubleshooting. After that, I rebooted my computer and pressed F12 to choose my boot device. except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Issue. service loaded failed failed firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon plymouth-start. Change SSH port editing ssdh_config file. By appending either systemd. This article will provide the step by step procedure to recover the GRUB RHEL7 / CentOS7 which uses UEFI. unit=emergency. Using the Emergency and Rescue Targets. target the bash should normally already be brought up. 168. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. " I'm using an 8 GB SD card. Before selecting the install option, press 'e' and add inst. Note that 7 uses systemd and may have a different implementation. 240212] localhost systemd Some security hardening manuals suggest disabling the loading of unnecessary filesystem types. Boot your server from CentOS ISO image and select rescue mode at the boot command prompt. target. service loaded failed failed Virtual Machine and Container Registration Service The Apache/httpd service failed to start in my CentOS 7, and I'm using command line. After a yum update to Redhat 7. That means systemd will expect the process that was started with ExecStart= to keep running as long as the service is running. My OS RedHat Enterprise Linux 7. Mar 28 00:14:21 pmv systemd[1]: Default target masked. selinux=disabled# selinuxtype= can take one of three two values It's unlikely that CentOS 7 was affected by the issue since it uses kernel v3. (Interesting side note: when booting up, I used to be able to hold the shift key down to boot in safe mode. Freezing; 20190603 – CentOS 7 prompt failed to load SELinux policy. semodule -B4. Then in reboot freezes. 6 (1810) x86_64; Baremetal, Dell server, 6x HDDs RAID6 (hardware) No logs is written to disk, last started unit is Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown. 18 module for kernel 5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9; systemd; Subscriber exclusive content. mv /etc/selinux/targeted /root/selinux-targeted-archive3. ppc64le:/ for RHEL to the boot arguments. Starting Switch Root [!!!!!] Failed to load SELinux policy, freezing 起動プロセスは続行されません。 * Userspace SELinux Skip to navigation Skip to main Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 selinux-policy-targeted. The CentOS 9 Stream partitioner will complain if you have a disk smaller than 9. By that point, it has already started loading the rescue target after having failed to load the default target. 3 Git I run CentOS 7 in the Parallels Desktop. target; Press "Ctrl+x" to start. 1 or any version can run perfectly fine on macOS, just don’t use a container as a virtual machine There were some situations when even I used Systemd in Docker containers. Leaving it alone to see if it does anything else. 9 /x64 UEFI / black screen on TTY with NVIDIA Quadro P400 drivers version (nvidia-510. To explain the process of CentOS rescue mode for booting an unstoppable system in order to find the root of the problem. 4 targets can be set. Please help! 20190603 – CentOS 7 prompt failed to load SELinux policy. 14. 5 first selecting a “Workstation”, and then I tried “Server with GUI”, Both hang. The system failed to boot and ended up with this screen. By any chance would you know how to fix? Please respond at your earliest convenience. Step-4: When the troubleshooting is done, type ‘reboot’ to boot the system in normal mode either ‘multiuser. When the boot-loader menu appears, press any key except Enter to interrupt the countdown. That is the forever command: forever start starts the target I have tried with the latest version of Docker Desktop I have tried disabling enabled experimental features I have uploaded Diagnostics Diagnostics ID: Expected behavior Systemd based services in containers should start, as they have alw Changes made, host rebooted. Here, just press [enter] key again to load the CentOS system to memory. Starting Switch Root [ !! ] If you are a bit luckier, you can correct SELinux only if you have a DVD at hand or the ability to load the ISO image of the operating system in "rescue ". See `systemctl status sys-kernel-config. Once the system will be rebooted the It is the filesystem. See `systemctl status kdump. Resolution. When prompted for language, and keyboard, provide the pertinent information for the system. CODE: SELECT ALL. 5, which includes kernel upgrade and a whole bunch of other updates, RedHat 7. Trying to load rescue target <--- Environment. I downloaded the ISO image from the CentOS official website (the one named CentOS-7. OrcaCore is a website which tries to provide useful IT Pro Tutorials in various fields of technology and different operating systems to its users such as Linux, Windows, Security, Network and etc. Note: There is a RHEL knowledge base article which recommends going from disabled to enforcing via permissive first. Additionally please review the Nosnap Veeam Agent for Linux system requirements and limitations here. Look at console showed progress bar still loading but pressing Escape showed the real issue: Failed to load SELinux policy, freezing. Freezing execution. el7. This morning I restarted my system and it got frozen again. target (multi user mode, text based login) rescue. Thanks [ 0. 4. semanage export -f /root/semanage-export5. 02 or 510. I connected to the VPS via a temporary rescue If the GRUB fails to load the “normal” module, you will get a rescue shell. We will now use the fdisk command to find the name of all the current partitions. target or systemd. Permissive mode: Allows actions to take place and logs the events in detail. 3 the system is unable to boot. cd /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/2. The display freezes with a message saying "Rebooting" and thats all. When you are ready, press the Return key to proceed. Save important parts of SELinux configuration. Help please? DougieLawson Posts: 43346 RHEL 7. cotos Bit poster. Specified switch root path “/sysroot” does not seem to be an OS tree. Word failed to convert PDF, export failed due to an unexpected After hearing the news that CentOS 7 had been published, I decided to install it on my computer. In order figure out what exactly has happened, I suggest you to open a support case and post your case ID here. The GRUB terminal does not seem to accept advanced commands either. 6. reboot Over to You. iso) and then burned it onto a USB drive by using a tool named UltraISO. Interrupt the grub2 menu by pressing "e" to edit when prompted I have updated the kernel in a VPS Centos 7, and after rebooting, the machine is not responding anymore, including with SSH. sh. 9 fully updated in GPT+UEFI + GRUB2 and gnome setup is [root@myserver home]# systemctl | grep -i fail firewalld. Boot from a live DVD, or boot in rescue mode from the installation disk. In last article, we have demonstrated the BIOS-based system’s GRUB recovery. semodu #systemctl multi-user. However, if you have manually upgraded to a later kernel (v4 or v5) then it might be the reason why things broke. The disk has latest image download from Imager 1. revision=0x2 Mar I'm trying to restore my CentOS 7 virtual Machine as the file system got corrupted. 1 GB as well. But it failed with the following Your Linux server may not load after boot and requests fsck of the root filesystem. When prompted In this quick tutorial we will show you how to enable SSH Access and configure network in rescue mode. target With rescue. efi files is typically a FAT32 filesystem, and that is Get a virtual cloud desktop with the Linux distro that you want in less than five minutes with Shells! With over 10 pre-installed distros to choose from, the worry-free installation life is here! Whether you are a digital nomad or just looking for flexibility, Shells can put your Linux machine on the device that you want to use. A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our An RHEL-based system, such as CentOS 7; A text editor, such as nano; SELinux Modes. After days of search, I found the solution: Go to the yum repo directory. When I pull up the console logs, I see this: [!!!!!] Failed to load SELinux policy, freezing. When I attempted "btrfs check --repair /dev/sda3" I got many "Checksum Verify Failed ##### wanted ##### got #####" and then "csum failed". and possibly all other changes which should be kept for reusing. That doesn’t look good. Here's what worked for me: CTRL+ALT+F2; Elevate to Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site vim /etc/selinux/config# this file controls the state of selinux On the system. Before you start boot into rescue mode using the DVD. x86_64. Closed vyp opened this issue Oct 19, 2015 · 1 comment Closed #SELINUXTYPE=targeted The original configuration does not need to be modified. os-release file is missing. (My GIGABYTE UPDATE #2 on 7 July 2017 8:45 CEST. On my Centos 9 Stream VM i am having issue to udpate/install the latest guest additions after the VM udpated latest patches/kernel. One of the errors I get is the common "failed to load selinux policy" -- if I ignore it, I get to the loading bar phase where it seemingly freezes. One of the most common boot time errors is a misconfigured /etc/fstab file. Building the main Guest Additions 7. I have seen report of that issue for some Linux and tried & tested everything I could find but nothing work. Failed to Load SELinux Policy 2018-08-18 Linux. UUID=D926-7D91 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 UUID=2f75b38f-6fa8-473a-b893-e03514a17b1f / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=de138edb If it is not reached, services such as httpd, nfs, and ldap cannot be started. Freezing causes stuck solution After chopping hands, the fraud call came before the express delivery was received. target (sulogin prompt, initramfs pivot complete and system root mounted on / as read only) I have tried this with RHEL-7/8 and CentOS-7/8 resulting in failure. Well if you change the SSH port number you have to do some more things in CentOS 7. service` for details. . 60. !!!In this tutorial, I am gonna boot the system by disabling the selinux policy. Enforcing mode: This is the default mode. Subscriber exclusive content. The first thing in that situation is to try booting without SELinux and the systemd. I have an issue yesterday after attempting to install ElasticSearch of different versions. target). The suggested answer below obviously did not fix the problem. My /etc/fstab file now contains the following entries:. The better choice for a Centos 9 Stream VM is a guest OS type of "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 64-bit Arm". # selinux= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - selinux security policy is enforced. SELinux has 3 modes. Find the line that specifies the kernel version (vmlinuz) and append the following to it: systemd. unit=rescue. # docker version Client: Version: 1. vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config Note: I asked a similar quesiton concerning version 6 of these bundles here. Oracle Linux: Server Not Booting With Error: ' Systemd: Failed to load SELinux policy. You cannot use the rescue. Today I did several things: Installed OpenFOAM ran yum update; Installed Docker; Installed and tested OpenFOAM; Tried installing NVidia driver Failed as was in XWindows; tried stopping XWindows with gdm stop, failed; tried init 3, offered blinking cursor on screen, forced to reboot; Now the machine hangs on boot. target’ or ‘graphical. A new screen will appear with the message ‘Press the Enter key to begin the installation process’. iso': Permission denied when you can load it with way fewer letters with \tikz{}? "Failed to load rescue target, freezing. System falls into emergency mode with the below errors: [FAILED] Failed to mount Configuration File System. 0-1160. (I'm a Docker beginner. After leapp upgrade command completed successfully, the system was rebooted. Server specs are: Intel Core i7-4770, 2x HDD SATA 2,0 TB Enterprise with Software Raid (mdraid). 3 API version: 1. 000000] tsc: Fast TSC calibration failed ÿ[ 2. I even wrote a tutorial, but I would not recommend it normally. Just FYI - Centos 9 Stream ships with a Linux 5. 0-1406-x86_64-DVD. The installation went fine, and the network is fine, but the login screen hangs, and I have not found any way to fix this problem. 2, I tried to learn Docker by following the steps below. Diagnostic Steps Hi I'w working on a Greenlow platform Server. 0 and later Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Version N/A and later Linux x86 Linux x86-64 Symptoms If the Linux server fails on boot with a message like this,You should add a parameter in grub boot editor which appears on boot. 888507] systemd-journald[116]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd). service loaded failed failed Show Plymouth Boot Screen polkit. Recreate the missing symbolic link: # rm -rf /bin # ln -s usr/bin /bin Verify if the filesystem package is intact after above changes: Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Troubleshooting failed to load SELinux policyFailed to load selinux policy, freezingFailed to load selinux policy freezingDon’t Forget To Like , Comment , Sh Here we are discussing the boot issue and how we can repair Linux boot failure in GRUB 2 rescue mode. 01-Show available network devices: Then finally it failed to boot altogether. And with each reboot, forcing the relabeling by touching 20190603 – CentOS 7 prompt failed to load SELinux policy. " My question is which function of kernel will output this message? I can continue to trace this issue if i can find the function name. Sun May 07, 2017 7:30 pm . This is the procedure I adopted for the same: How to repair CentOS ? Failed to mount /sysroot. 0 failed: Permission denied. 80. To resolve, we need to disable SELinux and allow On reboot, the device would load with IP address of 192. target to the kernel command line from the boot loader, the system spawns into a rescue or emergency shell instead of starting normally. service loaded failed failed Authorization Manager systemd-machined. After some loading time, we enter the For this example, I will show you how to use the rescue. Trying the same steps with Ubuntu 20. [ 1. Press e key to edit the current entry so we can modify the default boot-loader entry and log in to emergency mode. # semanage export -f /root/semanage-export # semodule -lfull > /root/semodule-list. I don't know how to access the terminal before booting either. For this example, I will show you how to use the rescue. Booting CentOS / RHEL / Fedora in Recovery mode. # permissive - selinux prints warnings instead of enforcing . x86_64" failed early load check for "intel-06-4e-03 Can't boot: "Failed to isolate default target, freezing" Discussion in 'Linux Virtual Machine' started by cotos, Mar 24, 2016. And it is hard enough to make it work on a Linux machine since Due to old systemctl program not having the fix for BZ 1825232 - System drops into emergency mode for no obvious reason after upgrading to latest systemd, the old systemctl program fails; The new systemd binary sees the initrd-switch-root. Most of these issues will require us to There are times when you will need to boot into single user mode to fix an issue with the operating system. [nixos] systemd[1]: Failed to load default target: No such file or directory #10473. 6 freezes when rebooting . The examples typically include vfat among the types to be disabled. Minimum requirement is 6 GB. stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7. It then throws Failed to load rescue target. 3\x20Server. x by default. This mode is useful when testing SELinux features. I have a machine installed with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. target to fix an /etc/fstab error. We see errors similar to the following on the console: systemd[1]: Freezing execution When the serial console is enabled, message such as the ones below are printed on the serial console: [ OK ] Started Setup Virtual Console. 6 (Maipo) that freezes every time I try to reboot it (using "shutdown -r now" of using the graphical interface). com. 7, clearly not that static IP address assigned, and not sure how it is getting information of a DHCP server (which I do have, my router) I attempted to disable the NetworkManager, as this might have been causing havoc with the network service by issuing the below command. Now getting an error: Failed to start Switch Root. When the boot-loader menu Looking at the logs of previously failed boots can be useful. 893688] systemd[1]: Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: No such file or directory Alternatively the system enters CentOS 7. 01/ Enable and Configure network in rescue mode. Aside from switching to Yocto Kirkstone, it seems DD must’ve been leaving some 1. x kernel, not a 6. Maybe there is something not working even before rescue. Many posts said that it can solved by changing crashkenerl=auto to crashkenerl=128M Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Hello Igor, In that case, you will need to uninstall veeam and veeamsnap packages, then install veeam-nosnap package, you can refer to the User Guide here. I searched the problem on the web. 24/7/365 Support Re-install the CentOS boot loader. 0-452. To recover GRUB2 on RHEL7 /CentOS 7 with [] After reading through the RHEL documentation (see Specifying the Installation Source), I managed to get the installer running by editing the boot arguments. The laptop screen was blacked out and now I can't reboot it. ljjydrehibcukmmnjilkrlpszncksxigcorycyljzllakqvbxfwua